The Fate of Women in The Birthmark Essay -- Birthmark Essays

The Fate of Women in The Birthmark Wilson Sullivan in Nathaniel Hawthorne in New England Men of Letters states that Nathaniel Hawthornes tale, The Birthmark, depicts the efforts of a deranged scientist to obtain gibe perfection in his wife by removal of a facial blemish. In this story the scientist operates on the superficial level of the physical world, while the woman, the authentically heroic woman, functions on the level of the heart and soul, the more significant level. She it is who in her virtue provides for the reader an example to live by, even though she loses her life in the process. This essay hopes to explore the status, role, attitude toward women and other such issues. Alfred Kazin in the Introduction to Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne comments regarding the central idea in the authors short stories In story after story the given element, the central and unifying element, is what moves and stirs within us, the mysterious springs of our every action, our soul(Kazin 14). The secret to understanding the role and concept of women in Nathaniel Hawthornes tale, The Birthmark lies in the readers appreciation of Kazins statement above. The woman who sets a shining example for the reader is a specialiser in soul development, whereas her counterpart, the male scientist, is a scientist of the physical world only. Another literary critic, in Hawthornes Use of Mythology, relates his similar interpretation of the essence of Hawthornes stories Everything he has to say is related, finally, to that inward sphere. For the heart is the meeting-place of all the forces spiritual and physical, light and dark, that compete for dominance in mans nature. . . . (McPherson ... ...horne A Collection of unfavorable Essays, edit by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. McPherson, Hugo. Hawthornes Use of Mythology. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Stewart, Randal l. Hawthornes Female Characters. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Sullivan, Wilson. Nathaniel Hawthorne. In New England Men of Letters. New York Macmillan Co., 1972. Swisher, Clarice. Nathaniel Hawthorne a Biography. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Williams, Stanley T. Hawthornes Puritan Mind. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Homophobia in Law Enforcement: Lethal Consequences :: Free Essays Online

Homophobia in Law Enforcement Lethal ConsequencesThe constitution guarantees life, liberty, and the pursuit of felicitousness to all Americans, yet there is a group who endures a life without total liberty, restrictions on their choice of lifestyle and happiness, and unfair treatment which may steady result in the untimely loss of their lives. This group of people currently facing discrimination and mistreatment is the gay and lesbian community of Washington D.C., and the perpetrators are the genuinely people whose jobs are to ensure their safety. The law enforcement is not entirely protecting gays and lesbians in D.C., nor are they ensuring that they have basic human rights. The effects of discrimination or even just insensitivity in the practice of law department can have catastrophic negative effects on the victims, the gay and lesbian community, and the metropolis of D.C. as a whole. When people of certain minorities are not treated equally by the law, something must be d one to improve this dangerous situation. In Washington DC on July 9th, 2001, an openly gay man, Alexander Gray, fell victim to two separate hate crimes. The first happened when several men do derogatory remarks about Grays sexual orientation, and then attacked and beat him with a shovel and a tire iron (Wilchins). Gray, both mentally and physically wounded, was then escorted home because he refused to go to the hospital for treatment of his injuries. The police drove him to his apartment, and friends say Gray was handcuffed in the backseat of the police car when he arrived (Fahrenthold queer Activists). Alexander Gray was a victim of a brutal and traumatizing crime, yet the police treated him as if he were the criminal, by handcuffing him in the back of the car. The D.C. police officers responding to this hate crime were not able to treat the victim with gentleness and sensitivity he severely needed at such a time, plainly instead they treated him as a threat.Throughout its history, the Washington, D.C. police department has had troubles traffic with the gay and lesbian community. There has been much bigotry and discrimination in the way some officers handled matters concerning those who are homosexual. During the 1980s many police officers held the stereotype that all people who were homosexual had AIDS, and some occasionally wore rubber gloves when they knew they would be dealing with gay individuals (Fahrenthold Blue and Gay).

The End of the World Essay -- Movies Films Science Fiction Essays

The End of the WorldIn writing definitively about American films of the nineteen fifties, Douglas Brode refers to the societal frenzy resulting from fear of both the communist threat and the possibility of nuclear war. Accompanying this general state of mind was the emergence of the science fiction film as a major genre. Titles in the genre dealt with fantasy topics ranging from alien invasion (The Thing, 1951, or Invasion of the Body Snatchers, 1956), to biologial missing links (The Creature from the Black Lagoon, 1954), to the fantastic side-effects of nuclear contamination (The Incredible Shrinking Man, 1957), or to actual nuclear war (The World, the Flesh and The Devil, 1959). Another interesting example of this last category is Stanley Kramers On the Beach, released in the last month of a decade which would be remembered for its omnipresent bomb culture. As the turn of the decade approached, some changes were apparent. At the same clipping that exchanges between Eisenhower an d Khrushchev were bringing new, less frightening discourses to the political arena, Kramers film in the bomb culture tradition negotiated new approaches to the depiction of the nuclear threat. As is so often the case in genre studies, On the Beach should be considered in call of how it is representative of the scope from which it emerged, but also in terms of what makes it unique. Through such an examination, as well as a survey of the impact that the film had upon its audiences, I hope to discuss On the Beach as integral in a culture of the bomb which spoke proactively and unequivocally against nuclear armament.Bomb Culture & Science Fiction in the FiftiesAs the notion of an all-out nuclear confrontation became a viable possibility, w... ...reatly changed from Arnolds day) for their evocation of some part of each of us which reaches toward others in defense against a gentleman which can be truly frightening. On the Beach is much the same. Aesthetically and narratively, it is im pressive it would be difficult not to be moved by the nett honest exchange between Admiral Bridie and Lieut. Hosgood the reflection of the young husband and wife as they recall their first meeting or the chilling abandon of a grey, white and black world in which people used to live. Produced as part of the culture under- the-bomb, On the Beach speaks memorably of that specific context produced as a carefully planned passionate requiem on the potency and vulnerability of human existence, it transcends this context, and reminds us today that no matter what the threat, as long as there is the human spirit, there is still time.

Depression During Pregnancy: Nursing Role, Interventions, and Care Essa

IntroductionPregnant women are vulnerable to depression because of study changes in estrogen and progesterone levels as well as changes in the brain which produce signifi natest physical and psychological impacts (Stewart, 2011). Depression during pregnancy can affect not only the mother but the unborn child and other children. Caring for women who are depressed during pregnancy is in some(prenominal) prize different from other types of caring. Caring in this situation is demanding and truly involves the intention to care. The women are diverse but most of them live in poverty, without social support, and many do not want the child (Sable & Washington, 2007). The nursing role is best summarized as a moral ideal because of the level of acceptance needed by nurses. In terms of interventions, the women need to learn coping strategies to deal with stress but the most prominent need is social support. This paper will research these three areas of nursing role, interventions, and care as they apply to the pregnant mother who is experiencing depression. It becomes clear in all the literature that the nurse requires the highest level of competence, skills, and knowledge in order to effectively manage these womens complex and diverse needs and concerns. BackgroundDepression is common among pregnant women and about 13 percent of these women picture changes in their mental state and functioning (Buck, 2009). While postpartum depression is even more common than depression during pregnancy, the rate of suicide is the same during the terminal six weeks of pregnancy as it is during the 12 weeks after delivery (Buck). Furthermore, the emphasis on postpartum depression tends to diminish the importance of depression which occurs during pregnancy. Among... ...ions during pregnancy and lactation. daybook of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 47(5), 19-24. Joseph, J. & El-Mohandes, A. (2009). Reducing psychosocial and behavioral pregnancy risk factors Results of a randomized clinical trial among high-risk pregnant African- American women. American Journal of Public Health, 99(6), 1053-1062. Sable, M. & Washington, C. (2007). Social wellbeing in pregnant women. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 45(12), 24-32. Suppaseemanont, W. (2006). Depression in pregnancy. The American Journal of motherly/Child Nursing, 31(1), 10-15. Stewart, Donna E. M.D. Depression during Pregnancy N Engl J Med 2011 3651605-1611 October 27, 2011. Web 18 May 2015.http//www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp1102730Swinburne, C. (2008). Pressure to deliver. Nursing Standard, 22(19), 22-23.

The Man That Can Never Be Replaced :: essays papers

The Man That Can Never Be ReplacedOne a heatless December morning with ice on the grass and everybodys Breaths lingering in the air. It was just another regular December day in Tymber Creek, which is where I grew up my whole life. There is a group of about 13-15 kids that have both grown up together. Some were a couple years older, alone that didnt fixate much difference except for their size. About five of my closest friends and I nail down to get a footb altogether game together. We opinionated to play the older kids in the Creek (our nickname for Tymber Creek). Because every day at the bus stop they told us how they would kill us so we took it as a challenge. As we walk all we saw were monsters, they were huge and ugly with white foam coming out of there mouths similar a overzealous dog and just scared us to death. Well I decided there is no way I am going to play these guys, alone my best friend Stephen told me that we could take them. So there I again believe the impos sible. Its 1030 a.m. and still just as cold as it was when I got up at 700 a.m. and there was no sun. You couldnt walk straight because of the icy grass and it sure wasnt the softest function in the world. So here we go its kick off time. The pigskin is thrown so high in the air that we dont see it, all we see and feel is the ground trembling and seven of the biggest beasts in the world. It was kind of like seven Shaqs running at seven Mini Mes. We were dead and all I had on my mind was not to get hit because I would never get up.It was around noon now and all of us decide to take a break and go have lunch. So Stephen and I went to his house which was the biggest house on that street and just stood out because of its peach color. His parents acted like my second family. They treated me like one of there sons. They took me to Sea World, which was a big deal for a kid thats twelve. Mrs. Vernon who is Stephens mom would make us snacks to eat after school and then would take us to the mall just to have fun.

The Man That Can Never Be Replaced :: essays papers

The Man That Can Never Be ReplacedOne mothy December morning with ice on the grass and everybodys Breaths lingering in the air. It was just another regular December day in Tymber Creek, which is where I grew up my whole life. There is a group of about 13-15 kids that have every grown up together. Some were a couple years older, plainly that didnt rush much difference except for their size. About five of my closest friends and I determine to get a footb alone game together. We intractable to play the older kids in the Creek (our nickname for Tymber Creek). Because every day at the bus stop they told us how they would kill us so we took it as a challenge. As we walk all we saw were monsters, they were huge and ugly with white foam coming out of there mouths want a rabid dog and just scared us to death. Well I decided there is no way I am going to play these guys, exactly my best friend Stephen told me that we could take them. So there I again believe the impossible. Its 1030 a.m. and still just as refrigerant as it was when I got up at 700 a.m. and there was no sun. You couldnt walk straight because of the icy grass and it sure wasnt the softest matter in the world. So here we go its kick off time. The pigskin is thrown so high in the air that we dont see it, all we see and feel is the ground trembling and seven of the biggest beasts in the world. It was kind of like seven Shaqs running at seven Mini Mes. We were dead and all I had on my mind was not to get hit because I would never get up.It was around noon now and all of us decide to take a break and go have lunch. So Stephen and I went to his house which was the biggest house on that street and just stood out because of its peach color. His parents acted like my second family. They treated me like one of there sons. They took me to Sea World, which was a big deal for a kid thats twelve. Mrs. Vernon who is Stephens mom would make us snacks to eat after school and then would take us to the mall j ust to have fun.

Christian Counseling Essay

AbstractIn the book, Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling, reference Mark McMinn gives the reader information on how these three entities goat mould together in Christian counsel. McMinn offers several ways in which this can be done including the use of prayer, Scripture, confession, forgiveness, the effects of sin, and redemption in counseling sessions. through narration of counseling vignettes displaying variant results, from different approaches demonstrates for the reader desegregation. There are very many counselors in different walks in their faith and McMinn processs to explore this commonwealth for future and practicing clinicians. 4 MAT Review McMinnSummaryMark McMinn authored the book entitled Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling introduces the reader to his concept of integration of these three entities. McMinn separates spirituality and defines why it is unlike psychology and theology, he states, We can become m ore with less competent in the spiritual disciplines, training ourselves to encounter God more fully, tho we can never be spiritually competent. (2011, p. 11). This is an interesting observation since Christians are always growing but can sometimes become stagnant in their growth and in their walk with Christ. It was also pointed out that spiritual training is not done in the classroom, it is not in a curriculum, and thus harder to measure from someone other than the participant.McMinn wants to empower the reader to explore their own Christian faith and how it can be incorporated successfully into therapy sessions with their thickenings. By educating the reader on a sense of a healthy self, he explores how prayer can be effective in sessions and also provides different methods for implementation. He stresses the importance of prayer and what it means at different times in relation to a counseling session he states, We prayas we breathe, inhaling the wisdom of Gods presence in thi s moment, exhaling a frantic need to reserve the perfect words or exact technique to passel our clients. (2011, p. 109). This was one of the ways the author describes the use of prayer in counseling and how it also aides the counselor.Exploring further into the use of Scripture in counseling sessions the author establishes the connection of support in different counseling models. Forgiveness was also another topic the author addresses noting, Rather, my goal is to raise pertinent issues and make recommendations for Christian counselors to consider so that each unique counseling situation can be carefully evaluated and a psychologically and spiritually sensitive manner. (McMinn, 2011, p. 250). McMinn additionally provides quint steps in assessing before considering introduction of forgiveness in a therapeutic session.He does this by debunking misinformation, and other related concepts that are not true in the use of forgiveness in therapy. By tying together the topics of prayer, s cripture, confession, forgiveness, and redemption the goal as McMinn puts it, If not how we understand the relationship betwixt psychology and theology but how we practically use the Christian faith in our counseling. Change realises challenge and Christian counselors they several significant challenges as they bring religion into the counseling offices. (p. 26)Concrete ResponseIn McMinns book, he uses a chapter to discuss forgiveness which reminded me of a client I had long ago. This client had suffered physical, emotional, and sexual abuse from various family members. I remember this client disclosing horrible, horrible abuse and still having nightmares, at times hallucinations of the offenders, and fits of rage. At this point in my public life I was co-counseling, and was just beginning to understand the impact forgiveness can have in physical health and emotional health. My problem was I didnt realize how the client wanted to please me and in doing so I believe I prolonged th is clients understanding of forgiveness and what it should have meant with the client and not me. This client was Christian and from my estimation now looking back was just beginning their walk with Christ and not on the kindred maturity train that I was at that time in my walkwith Christ.At that time I knew how forgiveness first and foremost is obedience to God, and second how it can set you free from so many emotional problems, McMinn said, Forgiveness, in its theological and spiritual context, is profound, life-giving, and transforming. When we remove the religious context and think of forgiveness tho as a clinical technique, we risk losing the essence of forgiveness. (2011, p. 254) After reading this chapter it made me re-live an area in which I was not fully equipped to assist client maneuver their way through. This particular chapter has allowed me to see how vital forgiveness is in a therapeutic session, and how it must be used carefully. It is made me alive(predicate) of how important my Christianity is to forgiveness, but also to assess the level my client is currently on before beginning a session on forgiveness.ReflectionTruthfully, thither was not much about this book that gave me pause to say this bothers me. Although, I did have a few questions but not necessarily pertaining to the authors writing of the book, but more so some information of other resources cited. For example, the author stated, Though Maslow would not agree that the Christian faith can help lead people to emotional health, his reports of the characteristics and desires of help the people who have moved beyond preoccupation with self he called them self actualizers are remarkably similar to the fruit of the Spirit described by apostle Paul in Galatians 522-23. (McMinn, 2011, p. 52). This was interesting, but this student thought as the author had previously pointed out how you can build on something thats faulty. It appeared as though Maslows disagreement with the Christian faith was unfounded, but he reinforced his own concept of self-similar to Christian values.There was a statement from McMinn which did cause this student question if there was a school answer. McMinn stated, However, this view perpetuates the problem mentioned earlier, that Christianized form of therapy can be built on flawed, misleading, and damaging worldview assumptions. (2011, p. 25). The question this student was left with was is there any therapy that can agree with Christian beliefs without being built on a flawed worldview? The author gave this student of reason to pause when thinking about the different types of therapy that are currently used in counseling. Due to different statistics, success rates, and customary practice it seems as a counselor you go with whatworks.However, McMinn has given this reader a different view on how therapy for the counselor should be perceived with the integration of psychology, theology, and spirituality. It is not enough simply to use o f therapy because statistically it has been proven to be successful. If certain theories in which some therapies are based are in direct opposition of godly counsel in this would need to be viewed more cautiously by the counselor.ActionAction steps this student can absent as a result of what has been learned, specifically in regards to prayer would be as follows if a client desires to pray this student asked the client that comfort level in regards to pray aloud, silently or together. Further, learning pauses in a session can be a prime opportunity to pray silently for the client and guidance from God. McMinn stated, Praying during pauses in conversation is often the way not only to keep a spiritual focus in counseling but also to keep from impulsively filling the silence with unnecessary words. (2011, p. 83). Another action step this student will be taking as a result of a lesson learned, researching theories and books which may be in opposition to Christian beliefs. This student s understanding of integration of psychology and Christianity are vital in be effective in helping Gods people.For example, the book The Courage to Heal is used in many areas of sexual abuse. This student was unmindful(predicate) of the authors understanding of forgiveness and how the client is directed not to forgive the perpetrator of the abuse. If the client is Christian and this student is the counselor gave a preparedness assignment from this book regarding forgiveness this would create a problem. It is very important to understand, read fully, and research information which may be incorporated into a counseling session. It is not enough to use a therapy technique or intervention because it is popular or has been proven effective. Steps must be taken to hold in therapy and techniques are in line with God and His will.ReferencesMcMinn, M. (2011). Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling (p. 254). Carol Stream, Illinois Tyndale House Publishers.

Political and Social Development in Malaysia Essay

It is difficult to picture, whilst analyzing the semipolitical and social development of Southeast Asiatic countries, how this region was completely dominated by European colonialist powers, even six decades ago. Southeast Asia was among the 84 % of the surface area of the earth that stood colonized at the in framingant of the Second World War, a process that began in the 16th century and carried on steadily during the next three centuries (Chadda and Others, 1971). European colonialism in the region stop mainly in the decade after World War II, its greatest result be the birth of nine new nations, including Malaysia (Chadda and Others, 1971).Political and social developments in the region, from the mid 1950s, when independent sovereign states emerged after the withdrawal of colonial powers, to the current day, have to essentially be viewed through the prism of colonialism to understand the broader issues that face the countries of the region, and the cozy cultural, social, re ligious, and political forces that play important roles in the shaping of their social and political progress, and in the choice of their structures of governance. For more than a thousand years before the comer of the armies from Europe, from A.D. 200 AD to 1500 AD, the complexity and thoughtfulness of Hindu and Buddhist influences from the Indian subcontinent provided the mint of Southeast Asia with some commonality and cohesion in areas of politics, governance, religion, arts, and literature (Cunningham, 1990). many developments in the region, manage alliances, royal marriages, wars, trade, and race movements brought the plurality of this region, including the Burmese, the Thai, the Vietnamese, the Khmer, and the Malays into multi uttermostious relationships.Such harmony, commonality, and communication was disrupted and eventually lost after the establishment of colonial hegemony by the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, British, French, and Americans was established in separate b reak offs of the region (Cunningham, 1990). Colonies became connected to their American or European rulers, which competed with each otherwise, stintingally, culturally and politically, and became distant from each other. Despite their agonistic oneness with their colonial conquerors, the countries of Southeast Asia retained their unique ecological, cultural, and ethnic diversity (Cunningham, 1990).Whilst the regions geographical dimensions and population are similar to that of West Europe, it is farthest more diverse in culture and traditions. Southeast Asias population and land area are similar to those of Western Europe, but the region has far greater cultural variety. Hundreds of different societies speak mutually unintelligible languages. Many have proud civilizations stretching back over a thousand years. The people grew irrigated rice, traded overseas between and with India and China, and developed many small states and larger empires that allied and warred.From rough A. D. 200 to A. D. 400, these societies reshaped Hindu-Buddhist cultural influence from India in statecraft, law, religion, art, architecture, and literature. (Cunningham, 1990) Malaysia Malaysia, the subject of this essay, is an integral part of Southeast Asia and is a striking representation of the regions ethnic and religious diversity. A narrow peninsular land mass, Malaysia as it is now known, was govern from the 9th to the 13th century AD by the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya. Control of the kingdom passed to the Javanese Hindu kingdom of Majapahit in the 14th century and thusly to a local Muslim prince in the 15th century (Gomez, 2004).The peninsula attracted the attention of the Portuguese in the 15th century, who conquered Malacca in 1511, an event that marked the commencement of four centuries of European rule (Gomez, 2004). With control of the area passing from Portuguese and Dutch hands to those of the British in the early years of the 19th century, its prototypic consol idation took place in 1826, when the British settlements of Malacca, Penang, and Singapore were combined to form the Colony of the Straits Settlements (Gomez, 2004).Occupied by the Japanese from 1941 to 1945, the territories of peninsular Malaysia came together to form the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and obtained freedom from the British in 1957 (Gomez, 2004). The present-day Federation of Malaysia came into existence only in 1965, when Sarawak and Sabah joined the Federation of Malaya (Gomez, 2004). Evolution of Regional democracy in Southeast Asia The beginning of post colonialism in Asia witnessed a significant social, intellectual and political endeavour to establish democracy and make it function in line with Anglo-American thought.Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru in India, U Nu in Burma and Ramon Magsaysay in the Philippines, who had receive much of their formative and political education in the west, sought to gulp constitutions, form political parties and hold elections (Crouch, 1996). Democratic processes were, during this time, under attack in all of Asia and it is not difficult to imagine the tremendous obstacles that confronted them year after year.Societies were being reconstructed after the devastation left by European and American colonialism, and a devastating war that had nothing to do with the people of Southeast Asia the leaders was in the hands of inexperienced and untested administrators, there were a myriad social problems like poverty, illiteracy, and disease to tackle, and nations needed to be moulded from confusing and disparate ethnic puzzles (Crouch, 1996). The ideological confusion was even greater.Political leaders in Malaysia and other countries of Southeast Asia needed to choose from the pop processes that were alive and thriving in the countries of northeasterly America and West Europe, and in countries like the UK, the state run communism that controlled the Soviet Union and East Europe, the banana republic s of South America, paternal leftist dictatorships like those in Castros Cuba and Titos Yugoslavia, and the monarchical kingdoms and emirates of the Middle East (Crouch, 1996).The pressures of social reconstruction, nation building and ideological confusion in the region had joined hands, by the 1970s, to remove the essence of democracy from most of Southeast Asia with strongmen like Suharto in Indonesia, and Marcos in the Philippines disregarding democratic norms and consolidating personal power bases (Hill, 2002). The relegation or subversive activity of democracy in Southeast Asia was however accompanied by the rise of the Asian Tigers, with countries like South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Taiwan growing faster than all other countries in the world for over a decade (Hill, 2002).Such astonishing growth was also accompanied by the need for strong governments, which incidentally were headed by small groups of predominantly male leaders, who took decisions in all areas of public life, on issues as diverse economic subsidies, university admissions, foreign worker entry, working conditions and liberation of women (Hill, 2002). democracy came back strongly into the political picture only in the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War, the deconstruction of the Soviet Union, and the economic crisis in Asia (Hill, 2002).The fall of democratic regimes in East Europe along with the acceptance of the superiority of the market system within a liberal democracy brought home the message to the people of Southeast Asia that economic growth built on political repression was ultimately unsustainable (Hill, 2002). Objective Malaysia has by and large experienced a stable political atmosphere, go on the back of coalition one party rule and the political dominance of Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad for more than 20 years (Johnson, 2003).Malaysias society is multi-racial, multi-cultural and multi-religious. The Malays, who interpret a just over 50% of the population form the majority comm uniformity, all of them, by constitutional definition being Muslim. About 25 % of the population (down from 31 % at independence) is ethnic Chinese, a group which historically played an important role in trade and business. Malaysians of Indian descent comprise about 7% (again down from 11 % at independence) of the population and include Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, and Christians.Non-Malay indigenous groups combine to make up approximately 11% of the population. While national unity as continued to elude the country, its extremely successful industrialisation drive, (since the mid-1980s), has made it into one of the worlds important trading nations. Malaysia has experienced astonishing economic growth in the last two decades. The national poverty rate has fallen from 49. 3% in 1970 to 5. 1 % in 2004, with corresponding improvements in education, literacy, barbarian mortality and disease control (Kershaw, 2004).The countrys political progress has to be viewed in li ght of the phenomenal economic growth achieved by it as well as the social and political processes of the region. This study aims to study the political and social development of the country, including issues like the process of holding elections, the level and genuineness of political competition, freedom of speech and media, official and unofficial abuse of human rights, punishment regime, the strength of the judiciary and other institutions, the relationship between economic and political development, and the contentedness of the state to politically administer its sovereign territory.

Nucor Case

NUCOR MEMORANDUM To F. Kenneth Iverson and Management Team of Nucor Corporation CC AGSM Faculty Teams Subject Investment decisiveness Date 04/22/2009 From 1713898 The Situation In 1986, flat sheet division contained 52% of US total steel market1. Nucor Corporation, which is a steel minimill well-known for its leadership, businesslike operation and well-structured compensation, is presentation the interest in the flat sheet segment. At the same time, there are many unused refined-slab casting technologies to help minimills repose the new market quickly and cost-efficiently.One of them is from German firm, SMS Schloemann-Siemag, who has consistently introduced its unique technology, Compact Strip Production (CSP), to Nucor. As the chairman and chief executive incumbent (CEO) of Nucor, F. Kenneth Iverson has to make a decision on whether Nucor should go for CSP plant developed by SMS. The Issue The most salient issue than concerns Nucor and its management team proper(ip) now is What is the best strategy for Nucor to channelize the flat sheet segment? Alternatives 1.Go for CSP plant Obviously, the most important reason for Nucor to buy CSP technology is that Nucor could defy proceeds of the huge opportunity of reading flat-sheet market. As the pioneer of CSP application, Nucor would have 2 to 3 years head start to give its technology advantage in order to secure a desired market share. Consequently, CSP will help Nucor to achieve its long-term vision to target the high end of flat-sheet market. The contest of the low end of flatsheet market is increasing due to the interest of many minimills and the low price products of overseas competitors.Aiming at the high end segment is a wise strategy because the high end segment is expected to bring more profits and help Nucor to grow consistently in future. 1 read 2 Steel Mill Product Segments 1986, page 15 of the case 1 However, going for CSP plant option exposes many disadvantages as well. First of all, without expertness in flat-sheet products, Nucor will be not in a good position to compete fairly to expert players. Subsequently, Nucor will face knockouties in new plant operation and possibly be outpaced by integrated mills adopting CSP.Secondly, the resource reserves will not favor CSP. Sharing resources between CSP and the joint approximate with Yamato Kogyo might bring in a risk of not enough capital or even worse, bankruptcy. Last but not least, uncertainty of technology is an early(a) major concern. The possibility of new plants obsoleteness is there and Nucor clearly does not want to pay a huge drop cost just because it is the pioneer. 2. Not to go for CSP plant By not going for CSP, Nucor can apply wait-and-see strategy.It allows Nucor more time to watchfully define the target market and wait for a matured and proven thin-slab casting technology. By that, Nucor will be able to avoid a huge sunk cost. Next, Nucor could utilize the resource on the joint venture with Yama to Kogyo. Hence, the risk of capital shortness will be eliminated. In the other hand, Nucor will let go a significant opportunity to capture some shares of flat-sheet market. It might not affect Nucor in short-term.However, in the long-term, assuming many steel producers adopting successfully CSP or other thin-slab casting technologies, Nucor will be pushed to a bad position to compete over. Also, it will take even more time and resource for Nucor to catch up. pass The first alternative is strongly recommended because of the following three reasons. First, even though money is an issue, it is not a big issue for Nucor. With $185 million in gold and short-term securities on hand together with the ability to issue corporate longterm bond2, Nucor is completed able to fund CSP with a strict financial management.Secondly, CSP project is showing a good currencyflow even in the case of CSPs obsoleteness. Assuming that new CSP plant is operating at 100% capacity or 1 million ton per year , Nucor will get hold of 2. 76% of flat sheet market3, which is reasonable. From a simple projection4, new CSP plant is showing a absolute cashflow with NPV = $141. 55 mil, IRR = 19%, and payback period = 4. 34 years. Thirdly, the argument that Nucor should not go to flat-sheet market because of its lacking experience is not convincing.Unless Nucor does not want to enter flat-sheet market, the earlier Nucor enter flat-sheet market, the faster it will learn and the better it will sustain in future. Second-last paragraph, page 14 of the case Appendix 3 4 Appendix 4 2 3 2 Appendices 1. SWOT epitome Strengths Leadership Efficient operation Well-structured compensation Culture Weakness Resource constraint No experience in flat sheet product Opportunities Enter flat sheet market Pioneer in thin-slab casting technology Threats unbelief about technology Competition, possibly be outpaced by integrated mills adopting CSP . Porter five forces compend5 The threat of substitute products buy er propensity to substitute sexual relation price performance of substitutes buyer switching costs perceived level of product differentiation The threat of the entry of new competitors Existence of barriers to entry (patents, right, and so on ) economies of product differences brand equity switching cost or sunk cost capital requirements access to distribution absolute cost advantages learning ignore advantages expected retaliation by incumbents government policies The intensity of competitive rivalry 5 speciality MEDIUM spicy HIGH pitiable MEDIUM HIGH HIGH HIGH LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM HIGH MODERATELY HIGH LOW LOW http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Porter_5_forces_analysis 3 numbers of competitors rate of application growth intermittent industry overcapacity exit barriers diversity of competitors informational complexity and asymmetry fixed cost allocation per value added level of advertising expense Economies of master sustainable competitive advantage through impro visation The bargaining power of customers buyer meanness to firm concentration ratio degree of dependency upon be channels of istribution bargaining leverage buyer volume buyer switching costs relational to firm switching costs buyer information approachability ability to backward integrate availability of existing substitute products buyer price sensitivity differential advantage (uniqueness) of industry products RFM (Regency + Frequency + Monetary Value) analysis The bargaining power of suppliers supplier switching costs relative to firm switching costs degree of differentiation of inputs presence of substitute inputs supplier concentration to firm concentration ratio employee solidarity (e. . labor unions) threat of forward integration by suppliers relative to the threat of backward integration by firms cost of inputs relative to selling price of the product MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH MEDIUM HIGH LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM 4 3. Estimation of market share of a full capacity CSP plant meat flat sheet segment 36. 6 CSP full capacity 17 Market share of Nucors CSP plant with 100% capacity 2. 76% Unit millions of ton 4. CSP plants cash flow with assumption discount rate = 10%, constant cashflow Cashflow per year Total Cost per ton8 8 Revenues per ton Profit per ton Shipment (millions of ton)7 Total Profit per year Hot-rolled (HR) 225 306. 5 81. 5 0. 5 40,750,000. 00 Cold-rolled (CR) 283 390. 5 107. 5 0. 35 37,625,000. 00 Both HR & CR 78,375,000. 00 Cashflow in 10-year opportunity window tax write-off rate Year Cashflow 10% 0 -340 Unit 1 78. 37 2 78. 37 3 78. 37 4 78. 37 5 78. 37 6 78. 37 7 78. 37 8 78. 37 9 78. 37 $ mil 10 78. 37 NPV IRR Payback period 141. 55 19% 4. 34 $ mil year 6 Exhibit 2 Steel Mill Product Segments 1986, page 15 of the case Exhibit 12A Construction cost for Flat-Rolled Product Plants 1986, page 22 of the case 8 Exhibit 12B Comparative Operating Data for Flat-Rolled Product Plants 1986, page 22 of the case 7 5Nucor CaseNUCOR CASE In this analysis we use the Net present value to consider if Nucor should invest in the new technology called thin slab minimill. NPV is very useful in order to make this kind of decision because it uses the concept of future cash value to evaluate whether the investment is worth, however the NPV is sometimes difficult to calculate because it is not always easy to estimate future cash flow.Considering the assumption I made in the first part of the spread sheet, the thin slab project doesnt appear to be a wise investment for Nucor because the future cash flows at the present value are less than the sign cost of the investment. Comparing the NPV of the three different scenarios it is evident that the best option for Iverson is to continue whit the unmodernized process. The first consideration about to undertake the investment is based on particular assum ptions about the future, if we change those the result of the decision could also change.Due to the fluctuation of the market is difficult to make the right assumptions and this is why to calculate the NPV is not easy. For instance if we changed the discount rate and we lower it below the IRR, the resulting NPV will be positive and this case to invest in the new technology could be a profitable decision. We can also change the steel price rate keeping the cost rate constant, if it is increased enough the NPV could result positive, at the same time if we reduce cost rate keeping the price rate constant we can find an equal result.Regarding the real option analysis if Nucor decides to wait it is unlikely that another will decide to make this kind of investment first. The follow strategy could be a wise decision for Nucor, because the NPV is jolly negative so the management could decide to undertake this investment in order to gain experience and subsequently use that experience for o ther plants so this initial price could generate future opportunities.

Company specific problems that lead to the failure of the implementation Essay

Internal constraints that lead failure in implementing the BSC system in Tian-an Car Insurance high society were brought out when the following research question was posed Why did you stop to use it, is there any disadvantages you can find? Following is a potty of company specific difficulties that the company faced during implementation as per the rejoinders of managers S, H, F and O. An excess of indicators poor design of the BSC resulted to so many indicators that others were left unaccounted for. Due to softness to synchronize available resources with demand the company could not sufficiently satisfy the requirements of all the four perspectives. That is why one manager said We can not fade too much time on customers and employees investigation. The fear that questionnaire data collected by company employees from clients would be biased and not the true depicting of the BSC perspective how our Customers view us. A completed balanced scorecard model for the business to ok too long. Expectation of Instant results The agent told us that it need spend some time to see the effect, I think BSC can not help in short-run decision making. A manager said. The BSC is a surgical process appraisement system that directs decision makers toward long-term value creating activities. It is not meant be a measure of dealing with emergencies. The problem of size our branch is not grown enough, so the advantages were not clearly identified Said F. Comparing benefits against costs (to the agent fee), there was no acceptable value for money. A unified climax would have given better results. The company has eight branches Resistance I found that there were many complaints from our employees. Someone felt it waste their time to response each(prenominal) indicator said H. A change management process would have sufficed. SBC used as a control tool managements lack of intimacy on how to use the BSC led to strictly following targets, and decreasing staff bonuses. This made others to doubt their ability and increased complaints. This was a depicted object of managing staff instead of managing processes. After applying the BSC manager O could not fins any noticeable good performance in the period 4. 3. 8. Communication is the life origin of a successful BSC system That poor communication contributed to the failure to implement the BSC system in Tian-an Car Insurance Company is revealed by responses obtained from the question Do the managers and employees communicate regularly? The Car insurance sales manager (S) said Not really, because our employees are really busy. But we have employees meeting in each Wednesday, we could communicate at that time. The Car insurance financial manager (F) said No, unless at employees meeting, but I just report some targets and requires. Comments will not be reflected to me. While the Human resources manager (H) said Yes, I communicate with employees regularly and they will have some complaints and suggesti ons. This finding suggests that the communications structure in this company is flawed. It could just be that the company has a top-bottom but no bottom up, horizontal and diagonal communication.Additionally it is evident that complaints are only direct towards the human resource manager. 4. 3. 9. Tian-an Car Insurance Company management have no regrets and would consider implementing the system if given a second destiny The upstanding rounded nature of the BSC serves as an eye opener to any one who gets a chance to experience it. When a manager was asked After you quitted using the BSC, have you tried other performance measurement systems? He answered No, I think BSC introduced us to the world of performance measurement systems.Our employees have increased their knowledge about management performance and when our company becomes large enough, we will consider using it again. 4. 3. 10. Lessons Learnt To appreciate the impact of implementing the BSC, Tian-an Car Insurance Compa ny managers gave a deal of lessons learnt that shows the true extend of their new understanding of performance measurement. This was in response to the following question Any possible suggestions for using the balanced scorecard in your branch? The Car insurance sales manager (S) said that I think each level of a company should understand their Key death penalty Indicators and Targets. The training of balanced scorecard should not be neglected. Company Car insurance financial manager (F) responded Key Performance Indicators and Targets should be set mightily The Human resources manager (H) advised I think a good training on the balanced scorecard is more important than the other aspects of the system.Companies should let their employees understand the whole BSC process first. They should establish a feedback feature to facilitate communication from all directions so that management and employees can discuss and adjust the targets immediately. A proper appraisal mechanism shou ld as well be in place. The above lessons learnt are excellent and are important ingredients for best practices in the implementation of the BSC system in any company. 4. 4. Conclusion What you measure is what you get.(Kaplan and Norton 1992) Effective managers understand that performance measurement systems that focus on only one aspect like finance and production are not good enough. They realize that no single measure can provide a clear performance target or focus attention on the captious areas of the business. The balanced score card allows managers to look at the business from four important perspectives the customer, internal, innovation and learning and financial perspectives. This checks the company from having too many or too few measures.It is a superior system. It is recommended that the Tian-an car insurance company adopts the balanced Score Card system. Tian-an Car Insurance Company structure.References Francesco, A. M. , and Gold, B. A. (2005) International organi sational Behavior Pearson Education Inc. One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ USA. Kaplan, R. , S. , Norton, David, P. , (1992). The Balanced Score Card Measures that Drive Performance, Harvard Business Review, and Reprint 92105.

Psychotherapy Main Concepts Essay

When we study human air, specific bothy focusing on the development of personality and crucial to how a person or individual conducts him/herself, psychology offers a variety of dimensions. The concept of personality is central to our attempt to understand ourselves and others and is part of the way in which we account for the differences that contribute to our individuality. Psychologists have been particularly touch on with shaping of the personality in relation to genetic and surroundingsal influences. We have been fortunate that the study of human personality has been thriving and fruitful. We can choose from as many models we can to help us see ourselves better and maintain good solelyiances (Atkinson et al., 2000). For the thrust that this paper is taking, I wish to mention then my trances individually, on Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, and the Existential, Humanistic panoramas. The Behavioral model utilizes what is termed as the learning theor y posited by Skinner and Watson and the rest of the Behaviorism school. It assumes that the principles in learning i.e., conditioning (Associative and Operant) ar efficacious means to effect change in an individual. Generally, the thrust of this theoretical perspective is cerebrate on the symptoms that a person is experiencing. Just as many of the errors of the patterns of behavior ascend from learning from the environment, it is also assumed that an individual will be able to unlearn some if non all these by using the techniques as applied based on the learning principles.To a certain limit I believe that this still works reinforcements are effective to some extent and in some or many people hence I am incorporating this stance separate or distinct from the Cognitive-Behavioral approach. In behavior therapy in that respectfore, thoughts, feelings and all those malfunctioning and unwanted manifestations revealed in ones activities can be unlearned and the work of a behavior t herapist. The basic concepts complicate extinguishing utilize when maladaptive patterns are then weakened and removed and in their place habits that are healthy are established (developed and strengthened) in a series or progressive approach called successive approximations. When these (factors) are reinforced such as through rewards in intrinsic and extrinsic means, the potential of a more pander and steady change in behavior is developed and firmly established (Corey, 2004). Cognitive-Behavioral therapy. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a client or uncomplaining comes into the healing relationship and the formers role is to change or modify the latters maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, uninterrupted reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual consta nt disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future.Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated primarily by Ellis and Beck facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist. With the idea that the counselor and patient together cooperate to attain a trusting relationship and agree which problems or issues need to come first in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the immediate and presenting problem that the client is suffering and complaining from takes precedence and must be addressed and focused in the treatment. The re is instantaneous relief from the symptoms, and may be encouraged or spurred on to pursue in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible (Corey, 2004). Psychoanalytic therapy. The Psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and often unconscious struggles within the person. These usually involved conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, awake or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society.Not all of those who take a psychodynamic approach accept all of Freuds original ideas, but most would view abnormal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynam ic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freuds camp out is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). The Existential approach, as put forward by Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Rollo May, and Frankl, believes that the individuals potential may lie dormant but that it is there waiting to be ushered in time. It recognizes that man is able to achieve great heights and that these are just waiting to be tapped not only by him/herself but that also when helped by a practitioner who is persuaded of this notion. It examines such major issues as free will and the challenges of exercising this free will, the issue of mortality, loneliness and in general, the meaning of life.The Therapy is effective when the practitioner works with elderly care and death and dying issues. It focuses on the individual needs but takes into consideration the significant relationships and the meanings they begin into the persons life. Transcending the issues and problems are primary intentions of the therapist at the same time being realistic that certain limitations do exist and may stymie the process of recovery (Corey, 2004).Humanistic therapy. Allport, Bugental, Buhler, Maslow Rollo May, Murphy, Murray, Fritz Perls and Rogers are those that helped usher in the Humanistic theory and consequent therapy. It holds in view the individual as possessing the options or freedom to choose, creativity, and the capability to attain a state where he/she is more aware, freer, responsible and worthy of trust.Because the human mind has immense potential, the approach assesses as well that forces from the environment bear on with the individual and depending on the interplay that occurs within the individual person, the result will either be destructive or constructive to the person. In sum, secular humanism takes into the perspective that essent ially humans are good and not evil, and that the therapy facilitates by harnessing on the human potential through the development of interpersonal skills. This results to an enhanced spirit life and the individual becomes an asset rather than a liability to the society where he revolves in (Corey, 2004).ReferenceAtkinson, R.L., R.C. Atkinson, E.E Smith, D.J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema. Introduction to Psychology. 13th Ed. New York Harcourt College Publishers, 2000.Corey, Gerald, 2004. Theory and come of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA.Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore Williams and Wilkins.

Student English Text

6 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING fine art is influenced by the customs and faith of a peck. Styles in Western art have changed m both snips. As there are so many opposite drifts of Western art, it would be impossible to depict all of them in such(prenominal) a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the or so important onenesss, starting from the sixth century AD. The mall Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to re take religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was non interested in demonstrate nature and people as they really were.A typical notion at this beat was full of religious symbols, which created whimsey of respect and love for God. But it was apparent(a) that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more pragmatic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, innovative ideas a nd determine graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the kindred time painters re raiseed to classical Roman and Greek ideas nigh art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.Rich people wanted to possess their aver paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and gravid houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw topics in perspective. This technique was first utilise by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such rea hearic pictures.By coincidence, oil paints were as well as develo ped at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. With show up the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to picture the many ample masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. thither were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes as well as led to new painting styles.Among the painters who skint forward from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earl ier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became truly angr about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art (20th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, solely today they are strikeed as the beginning of what we call modem art. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, only if without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modem art is abstract that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like p racyographs. These styles are so different. Who fag end hazard what painting styles there will be in the future? Unit 3 A healthy life-Reading ADVICE FROM GRANDAD Dear James, It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the rarity of the tend. I have just returned from a languish bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still go bad enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. Its my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 classs oldI think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. By the way, did you know that this is because you mother addicted in three different ways? First, you can deform physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of ch emicals in cigarettes.This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you lounge around withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I guessd I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel not bad(predicate) when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very(prenominal) difficult to quit.But I did finally manage. When I was young, I didnt know a lot about the harmful effects of smoking. I didnt know, for example, that it could do terrible revile to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I for sure didnt know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in so me way. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my little girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and garment smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were tour yellow.She told me that she wouldnt go out with me again unless I stopped I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasnt enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the enlighten football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. Love from Grandad Unit 5 The power of nature-Reading AN EXCITING JOB I have the greatest job in the world.I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and someti mes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I dont mind because danger excites me and represents me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth the volcano. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their houses out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground. When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.This is because no one lives tightfitting the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave pass the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never barricade my first lot of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast sleepy when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange fail, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice.I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back tend where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the broadcast. It was an absolutely fantastic sight. The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. ii other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the volcanic crater that had been formed during the eruption.Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to passing play in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later champaign, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to ca use great damage. THE BEST OF MANHATTANS ART GALLERIES The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E. 70th Street) Many art lovers would rather figure this small art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, article of furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this sensitive collection.You can also explore Fricks beautiful home and garden which are well worth a Visit. Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street) This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. The scoop out way to se e the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom.There are no stairs just a circular path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant. Metropolitan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street) The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and southeast America. The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an eighteenth century French house and many other special exhibitions.Museum of Modern Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues) It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Pic asso and Matisse. A few words of warning the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded. Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street) The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture.There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. both two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists. Suppose you were the president of a high school council and you received the letter below. It is from a group of students who would like to make their school more attractive. Read the letter and then use the epitome on the next page to make notes for a report about the letter to the school council. Class 2A Seaforth High instill Ramsay Rd Seaforth Mrs L Kroll President, Seaforth High School CouncilPO Box 235, Seaforth 12 May Dear Mrs Kroll, Lately our class has become worried ab out the environment at the back of the school, and we would like to do something to make it more attractive. We have done some research and have come up with a plan. With the help of our parents, we can do most of the work ourselves, but we will consider a small come in of money for equipment, plants-and paint. I am writing to ask the council for permission to do this work and to ask if the school council could donate $500 towards our forecast. We would like to turn the empty land at the back of the school into a nature garden.We would plant trees and grasses, make paths through the garden and dig a small pond. We think this would provide a peaceful place for students and teachers to walk in. It would also attract birds, insects and small animals which students could then study in science classes. We would also like to paint the back wall of the school that faces the new garden. Some of our art classes could then paint a massive picture on it. It might be possible to paint over the wall each year so the next classes can make a new picture. Lastly, we would like to paint all the rubbish bins. At the moment they look old and the paint is coming off.If we paint them in bright, attractive colours, students might be more likely to use them. We think our plan would greatly improve the back of the school and everyone in the school would benefit. We have already asked our parents and they have promised to donate one weekend of their time to help us complete the project. We hope you will give us permission for this worthwhile project and will be able to donate the $500 we look at. When we have finished the work, we hope the council will join us in a celebration morning tea so that the whole school can thank you. Yours sincerely, Jo Ryan (Class president)Reading and discussing Before you read the poster below, discuss what you know about human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS with your classmates. Make a list of words that you might come across in this poster. HIV/AIDSA RE YOU AT RISK? HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a persons repellent system that is, the part of the body that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that you body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small. HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex. For a person to become infected, blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to charter inside the body through broken skin or by injection. One day scientists will find a cure for HIV/AIDS. Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay dependable. If you inject drugs do not share your needle with anyone else. riptide from another person can stay on or in the needle.If a person has HIV and you use the same needle, you could inject the virus into your own blood. do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs. Blood could have spilt on it. If you have sex with a male or a female use a condom. This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another. The following statements are NOT true. A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex. WRONG. If one sexual partner has HIV, the other partner could become infected. You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV. WRONG. Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. Only homosexuals get AIDS. WRONG. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with H1V/AIDS risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men. If you hug, touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home, you will get HIV/AIDS. WR ONG. You can only get the disease from blood or sexual fluid. Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice. Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infected with HIVAIDS. For the same reason, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick. You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes. WRONG. There is no evidence of this. Before you read Toms essay on environmental riddles, glance at the title and pictures and predict the main idea of the essay. CLEAN UP YOUR BUTTS AND BAGS All sorts of items become litter, but two of the most common and most dangerous are cigarette butts and charge plate bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment, but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about.Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment. Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment . Over 1,600 billion cigarettes are smoked each year in China and hulky quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4. 5 trillion butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the environment, they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the weewee supply where they decrease the quality of the water and endanger plants and animals that live there.Because there are so many butts and because they can take up to 5 years to break down, the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount. So, if people have to smoke, they should not throw away the butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead. Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There are several(prenominal) reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are non-renewable resources, ff they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. An enormous number of the se become litter.This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment. They float easily in air and water and travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide. When the animal dies and breaks down, the plastic bag can become free again to kill another animal. It is up to people not to let plastic bags become litter. It would be better if they used fewer and recycled them. Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment.The earth would be a better place because it would be less polluted. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However, I believe the best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all. THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER? During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit. That proba bly does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. So how has this come about and does it matter? Earth Cares Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.There is no dubiety that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. All scientists shoot to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this process are called babys room gases, the most important one of which is century dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the nursery effect.This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. Without the greenhouse effect, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsi us cooler than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years.It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2). All scientists accept this data. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1. degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees. How ever, the attitude of scientists towards this rise is completely different. On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe. She says, We cant predict the climate well enough to know what to expect, but it could be very serious. Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species.On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. In fact, Hambley states, More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker crops will produce more it will encourage a greater range of animals all of which will make life for human beings better. Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. No one knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing? Or, are the risks too great? WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING? Dear Earth Care, I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems. However, 1 still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.As Im not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have. Thank you Ouyang Guang Dear Ouyang Guang, There are many people who have a commitment like yours, but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment. That is not true. Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up with pollution. The growth of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day. Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it. They should get you started with your project. We use a lot of energy in our houses. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it if not, turn it off Do not be casual about this. So if you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so on, turn them off. If you are cold, put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat. 2 Motor vehicles use a lot of energy- so walk or ride a bike if you can. 3 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials, so, if you can, misdirect things made from recycled materials. Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy this includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves. 5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they ab sorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them. 6 Finally and most importantly, be an educator. piffle with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned. Remember your contribution counts Earth Care THE LRKE OF HERVEN Changbaishan is in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Much of this beautiful, mountainous area is dumb forest .Changbaishan is Chinas largest nature reserve and it is kept in its natural state for the people of China and visitors from all over the world to enjoy. The height of the land varies from 700 metres supra sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers. Many people come to Changbaishan to study its unique plants and animals. Others come to walk in the mountains, to see the spectacular waterfalls or to bathe in the hot water pools.However, the attraction that arouses the greatest app reciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of promised land. Tianchi is a deep lake that has formed in the crater of a dead volcano on top of the mountain. The lake is 2,194 metres above sea level, and more than 200 metres deep. In winter the surface freezes over. It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mountain. When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi. There are many stories told about Tianchi.The most known concerns three young women from heaven. They were bathing in Tainchi when a bird flew above them and dropped a small fruit onto the dress of the youngest girl. When she picked up the fruit to smell it, it flew into her mouth. Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu p eople. If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, dont forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and constant as the lake itself.Look at the title of the story and the picture below. Can you predict what the story is about? Then read the story quickly and see if you were right. detain BY THE FLOOD Its not looking too good, darling. I think youd better pack a few things and go to your mothers place. And youd better take Rosie and Monty with you. put down the phone, Sara sighed. Tomorrow was her husband Tonys birthday. She had planned to cook him a nice meal and then surprise him with the new mountain bike shed bought for him. If she went to her mothers house, Tony wouldnt get his present for days.However, her mothers house was the best place to be right now. Being on higher land, it would be safe from the floods. It had been raining heavily for almost two weeks and the river near Sara and Tonys house was r ising higher and higher all the time. Tony and others from the village had spent the last two days putting sandbags along the side of the river to stop it overflowing. like a shot they feared that their hard work had been useless and soon the whole valley would be flooded. Sara dressed baby James in warm clothes and collected the things she would need for him over the next few days.She put the lead on the dog and went in search of Monty, the cat. It took her a long time, but eventually she found him safe and warm under the covers on her bed. She placed him in his cat basket and took him into the kitchen where James and the dog, Rosie, waited. Just as she was reaching for the car keys, Sara heard a sound like the noise bath water makes when you pull out the plug. She looked at the back door. Water was flowing in underneath. Turning around she saw fouled brown water fountaining out of the drain and filling the sink. Quickly she put James into her backpack and pulled it onto her back .Calling to Rosie, she picked up the cat basket and ran to the front of the house and out into the front garden. The water was already up to her knees. Rosie was swimming beside her. Knowing the water would soon be much deeper, Sara ran to the car and opened the doors. She threw the cat basket onto the detonating device of the car and pushed Rosie up beside it. Using the car seat as a step she climbed first onto the front of the car and then onto the roof. James, sately attached to her back, made no sound at all. Sara stared down at the water which was rushing past the car. It was already half way up the doors, and still rising.

Medea’s revenge Essay

Is Medea doing her children a kindness as they are going to be banished and kicked ot anywayMedeas revenge ultimately makes her far guiltier than JasonTraditional audience vs modern audienceEmotion love obligation lifeJustification does not equal rightResponsibility guilt1. MEDEA2. JASON3. COMPARISONIn Euripidies play, Medea, Although both Medea and Jason committed wrongs, Medeas acts of revenge ultimately make her more guilty than Jason. Medea, in a desperate act for justice, acted out in many murders, killing the ones closest to her. Jason, blinded by his desire for power, left Medea, leading to the series of events that followed. at that place is a evident difference in audience opinion, the traditional audience would have seen Medea far guiltier, whereas the modern audience could see guilt in both of them. From the beginning of the play we are made clear of Medeas violent nature. We are informed of the murder of her brother, and the nurse foreshadows the murder of Medeas child ren.The nurse states, I am afraid some dreadful purpose is forming in her mind no one who makes an enemy of her will carry off an easy mastery. This is definitely fulfilled throughout the course of the play. Firstly, Medea convinces the daughters of Pelias to murder their own father. Once left devastated and alone, Medeas next point of revenge was to ruin the life of Jason. She devised a plan in which she wished to murder Glauce, followed by the death of her own sons. She values justice over crime, which is evident when she says, Yes, I can endure guilt, however solemn The laughter of my enemies I will not endure.Jasons actions were not as gruesome as Medeas.

Textiles as a Building Material Beyond That of a Passive Skin

The fly the coopal character of frameworks textiles as a building farce beyond that of a inactive peel.Much of the Interior Architects work consist of the adaptative re-use of concrete, steel and brick buildings. In a universe where resources ar scarce and constructions have to be demolished to do manner for new 1s, materials could go an attractive excerpt to traditional edifice gluts. Could textiles serve edifice demands beyond that of a inactive tegument, beyond that of a cosmetic characteristic?Table of ContentssPage figureList of Figures..twoIntroduction Buildings beyond inactive shelter .1Fabrics as a inactive tegument shelter .2Curtain as architecture the inside(prenominal) tegument . .3More than a skin.. .4Conclusion.....7List of references...8List of Figures fingerbreadth 1 Curtain Wall House, Shigeru toss away pg.2 cipher 2 Axonometric position bespeaking drape as out(prenominal) frontal pg.2 go out 3 Section through concert hall pg.3 FIGURE 4 vast window with functional drape pg.3 FIGURE 5 Fabric facade pg.4 FIGURE 6 antiphonary photovoltaic fabric strips pg.4 FIGURE 7 Diagram bespeaking response elan vital reaping facade elements pg.5 FIGURE 8 Curtain as splitter and illuming system pg.6 FIGURE 9 UV-resistant plastic insularity pg.6 FIGURE 10 Multi layered tissue layer construction pg.6 Introduction Buildings beyond inactive shelterALL BUILDINGS, Once HANDED everywhere by the builders to the client, have three possible destinies, viz. to stay unchanged, to be altered or to be demolished. The mo payary value for staying unchanged is eventidetual loss of business, the menace of change is the entropic skid, the promise of destruction is of a new building.-Fred Scott ( SCOTT 20071 )Current building rates and techniques could be securen as a response to social clubs demands for a peculiar criterion of life ( ADDIS 2006 5 ) . Within our current preponderantly industrialise society, i t is usual pattern to cover with unwanted edifices by taking those things with immediate value, pulverizing what is left over and disposing of it by lodging it into the land ( CROWTHER 1999 1 ) . This has a great impact on our milieu, and can be seen in the depletion of non-renewable natural resources, air pollution and the debasement of the natural landscape to call a few ( ADDIS 2006 5 ) . These patterns with their damaging environmental effects can non be sustained, either environmentally or economically, and convey on a demand for newer and much efficient building techniques and material utilizations ( CROWTHER 1999 1 ) .Harmonizing to Guy and Shell,Design for deconstruction and stuffs reuse( 2001 )The overall end with Design for Deconstruction is to cut down pollution impacts and increase resource and economic faculty in the version and eventual re social movement of edifices, and recovery of constituents and stuffs for reuse, re-manufacturing and recycling.Design for deco nstruction starts to oppugn traditional edifice methods and ways of believing simply by look intoing the mode in which things connect and gulf. With anticipations such as energy scarceness and resource depletion designers in assorted Fieldss should no longer be planing edifices merely to function as reclaimable shelter. Therefore, for a edifice to merely be demountable and adaptable is no longer plenty. Buildings should instead hold the potency of tackling the sustainable resources that argon available.In this essay, the functional usage of fabrics as an architectural stuff go away be questioned. First, the rediscovery of fabrics as an architectural stuff will be considered. Second, the usage of fabric drapes as a functional architectural stuff within Casa regulate attorney Musica will be in brief investigated and in conclusion, functional applications of fabrics as a inactive tegument within the architectural envelope will be discussed in short.Fabrics as a inactive tegument s helter Fabrics being one of the nimblest and lightest edifice stuffs, serve as a premier pick in the building of demountable and adaptable edifices. They are delicate to transport and put in and hold a comparatively low embodied energy and C footmark. Developing engineerings to a fault demonstrate the extent to which fabrics are adaptative every bit good as multifunctional as a edifice stuff, doing the stuff capable of turn toing a assortment of human demands ( BROWNELL 2011 ) . part much of the current fabric engineerings are extremely advanced, the basic rules of cloths have ancient roots. The earliest causal agent of woven fabrics goes back about 7000 old ages, puting it about instantly after the last ice age. Fabrics were besides found in the Paleolithic colonies in the signifier of portable tent-like huts clad with animate being teguments, imputing it with a long history as an architectural stuff ( McQUAID 2005 106 ) ( QUINN 2006 23 ) . This ancient system displays the care ful experimental condition of resource usage every bit good as leting for constituents to be disassembled and relocated, replaced and maintained. The typical compressive frames and tensile membranes utilize within the constructions could be easy taken apart by the user as it was lightweight ( CROWTHER 19995 ) .With clip fabrics were replaced with lumber, rock, concrete and masonry constructions, deteriorating the usage of fabrics as edifice stuff in architecture. Consequently, fabrics are perceived as vulnerable to H2O, flammable, impermanent and weak whereas architecture is associated with mass and denseness. Therefore, fabrics are frequently limited to cosmetic elements ( QUINN 2006 23 ) . The incorporation of soft cladding stuffs as an built-in constituent of rein compel infinites challenges this premise ( KLASSEN 2008 1 ) .Shigeru BansCurtain-wall house (see FIGURE 1 ) serves as an advanced modern-day exemplification of the usage of lightweight fabrics in building.The fabric is incorporated as a bed of the exterior edifice envelope moving as a shade supplier splitter and enclosure in a domestic context ( see FIGURE 2 ) . By utilizing a fabric in topographic point of a morphological wall, Shigeru creates paradoxes between the thoughts of openness and separation, permeableness and enclosure, every bit good as working with the thought of motion across interior and exterior infinites. This design offers credibleness to fabrics as a building stuff hinting to the rediscovery of fabrics as a important architectural stuff ( KLASSEN 2008 3 ) ( QUINN 2006 23 ) .Curtain as architecture the interior tegument We shortly forgot about ornaments and colorss and began to construe the drape as walls, frontages, built-in parts of the architecture, structures that finish a room.Petra Blaisse ( WIENTHAL 2011274 )TheCasa district attorney Musicacreated by Rem Koolhaas, with interior infinites shaped by Petra Blaisse reiterates Shigerus usage of fabrics. Even more so than theCurtain house, theCasa district attorney Musicareappropriates fabrics as a functional architectural stuff within the inside. ( This illustration serves merely to beef up the instance for fabrics as a functional architectural stuff beyond ornament but does non look at the application beyond a inactive tegument ) . contradictory to conventional existence entry halls, the Casa district attorney Musica consists of big nothingnesss encroaching the edifice margin. This is chiefly because the halls were excavated from the monumental volumethat micturates the edifices shell ( see FIGURE 3 and FIGURE 4 below ) . Initially the ideal of drapes served a strictly ocular map within the architects theoretical account and was stand for as garbages of fabric inserted as topographic point holders ( WIENTHAL 2011272 ) .The demands and outlooks of the drapes changed as the design squad realized that even the slightest change of graduated table, stuffs, place or construction significantly impac ted on the public presentation and potency of the suites. Finally the usage of blackout drapes mediated between the visible radiation and acoustic public presentation within the halls in order to heighten the ocular and audile quality of the infinites ( see FIGURE 4 on pg.3 ) ( WIENTHAL 2011274, 275 ) . The coaction between Rem Koolhaas and Petra Blaisse exemplifies the ability of a fabric drape to surpass the mere cosmetic and enter the kingdom of the functional. The acoustic and atmospheric definition that the fabric curtains conveying to the interior infinites of the Casa district attorney Musica exceeded even those initial outlooks of the designer. The fabric performs a specific map that could be considered architectural in nature and challenges the typical premise that cloth serves merely as a cosmetic addition.More than a skin the functional character of fabrics A new paradigm in architecture is emerging which includes net teguments, flexible skeletons and lightweight interw oven textile constructions that replace traditional positions of architecture as solid sombreness edge constructions. Dense compaction based edifices can be replaced with more efficient tensile systems that besides has the capacity to react to the natural environment ( McQUAID 2005 104 ) ( QUINN 2006 23 ) . This displacement enables designers every bit good as interior designers to make constructions that act beyond the boundaries of a inactive tegument.Buildings that harness their ain power from renewable beginnings.Architecture house KVA Matx late published an article in the Energy Future Journal ( terpsichore edition ) about theirsoft houseconstruct. This construct aims to make an active architecture that responds to environmental conditions. It includes the usage of a conveyable fabric substructure thatcrops solar energyby agencies of a antiphonal photovoltaic fabric 1 facade on the outside of the edifice that adjusts to follow the sunlight ( KOEPPE 201 378 ) ( STAUFFER 20 1321 ) .The row of lodging units portion the energy reaping facade as indicated in FIGURE 5 and FIGURE 6. These are equipped with incorporate flexible solar cells. The facade consists of single strips that change place to track the seasonal motions of the Sun ( See 4 diagrams on the right of FIGURE 7 ) . The fabric photovoltaics are made up of fabric strips with a fictile,spring-like construction of fibre-reinforced composite boardsthat bend to organize flexible 2 PVs. See FIGURE 6 ( BROWNELL 2011 ) . Here the incorporation of fabrics in architecture is critical in order to let for the tegument of the edifice to reap solar energy. Different shadiness forms are besides created in the inside when the facade responds to the Sun ( STAUFFER 201320 ) .The Soft House antiphonal facade demonstrates how traditionalhardarchitectural stuffs (such as non-renewable energy, glass-based solar panels and Sun trailing machinery) can be replaced by low C, lightweight stuffs such as fabrics that ap propriate for easy deconstruction and reuse.Here fabrics are used as a soft cladding stuff on the exterior facade of the edifice, nevertheless becomes a well indispensable constituent of the reinforced infinite. The fabric performs a specific map that surpasses that of mere inactive tegument and challenges the typical premises that it serves merely as cosmetic addition.Within the inside of the row lodging units a set of textile smart curtains translate movable lighting. Brooding strips and LEDs provide an energy-efficientilluming systemthat allows for adjustable interior infinites. See FIGURE 8. Harmonizing to Kennedy, ain microclimates can be createdWhen you enclose littleinfinites, the brooding elements in thedrapes reflect the foment from the radiantfloor in winteror roll up cooled air ifits summertime( STAUFFER 201320 ) .The utilizations of proficient or smart fabrics expand beyond that of fabric photovoltaic panels and LED lighting drapes. ThePolar bear marqueeis the first edifice to implement ground-breaking engineering to expeditiously take out and hive away heat ( See FIGURE 9 ) ( www.business.highbeam.com ) . The multi-layered construction comprises of a heat insulating membrane on a textile footing. The outer bed is composed of a crystalline UV-resistant plastic that provides heat insularity. Below this bed is a black absorbent fabric which is warmed by the Sun. Roll uping paths form an incorporate system of faculties oriented toward the Sun. This het air is so guided to the energy shops ( see FIGURE 10 ) . Here the heat is transformed into chemical energy within the energy shops by agencies of atomic number 14 oxide ( www.bio-pro.de ) ( www. techtextil.messefrankfurt.com ) . This extremely advanced system is still in the development stages but suggests countless chances for fabrics in the hereafter. This ruse goes beyond that of fabrics as mere tegument and touches on the functional character of fabrics.DecisionInterior designers are continua lly forced to revaluate current design attacks due to pressing environmental concerns and technological promotions. Despite the current development in fabrics and as discussed, the advanced usage of fabrics in architecture, the applications thereof beyond a inactive tegument are still in their babyhood. I believe that fabrics could potentially go an environmentally sustainable design dissolvent to that of traditional building stuffs. Therefore, non merely moving as a inactive tegument, but besides make chance for interaction with the environment and that we could potentially profit from the functional character of fabrics. This premiss derives from the case in points that focus on the development of antiphonal fabrics and their applications in the reinforced environment. The assorted inventions within the architectural fabric sphere is increasing and turning toward an environmentally sustainable solution.List of MentionsADDIS, B. 2006.Constructing with rescued constituents and stu ffs A design enchiridion for reuse andrecycling.United Kingdom Earthscan.Biopro baden. 2013. A warm house thanks to polar bear rule News.Found online athypertext dispatch protocol //www.bio-pro.de/magazin/index.html? lang=en & A artikelid=/artikel/09100/index.html. accessed 24 February 2014 .BONNELMAISON, S. & A Macy, C. 2007.Responsive fabric environments.Canada Canadian design research web.Brownell, B. 2011. private road the hereafter of fabric constructions Forte cloths reappraisal.Found online athypertext canalise protocol //specialtyfabricsreview.com/articles/0611_f1_fabric_structures.html. accessed 17 February 2014 .Butler, N. 2013. Textile roof gaining controls energy for long-run storage Progresss in fabrics engineering.Found online athypertext transfer of training protocol //business.highbeam.com/3840/article-1G1-342770882/textile-roof- captures-energy-longterm-storage. accessed 24 February 2014 .CROWTHER, P. 2001. Developing and Inclusive moulding for Design for Deconstruction. InChini, Abdol ( Ed. )CIB Task Group 39 Deconstruction, Annual Meeting, 2001, April 2001, Wellington, New Zealand.Found online athypertext transfer protocol //eprints.qut.edu.au/2884/ . accessed 22 February 2014 .GUY, B. & A Shell, S. 2001. Planing for Deconstruction and Materials reuse. Environmental design usher. InChini, Abdol ( Ed. )CIB Task Group 39 Deconstruction, Annual Meeting, 2001, April 2001, Wellington, New Zealand.Found online athypertext transfer protocol //www.deconstructioninstitute.com/files/downloads/75508728_DesignforDeconstructionPaper. pdf. accessed 21 February 2014 .Inside Outside. 2004. Casa district attorney Musica Inside Outside, Petra Blaisse. Internet hypertext transfer protocol //www.insideoutside.nl/en/casa-da-musica.htm. accessed 20 February 2014 .KLASSEN, F. 2008. From the bazar to infinite Architecture Fabrics reshape the human home ground. Ryerson University Faculty of communicating and design, school of interior design. Canada Toronto Ontario.Found online athypertext transfer protocol //www.ryerson.ca/malleablematter/images/publications/Bazaar_to_SpaceArchitecture.pdf. accessed 22 February 2014 .KOEPPE, R. , Demir, A. , & A Bozkurt, Y. 2010. Development of Energy Generating photovoltaic fabric constructions for smart applications.Fibers and Polymers.11 ( 3 ) 378383.McQUAiD, M. 2005.Extreme fabrics Designing for high public presentation. New York Thames and Hudson.MILLER, G.T, & A Spoolman, S.E. 2009.Populating in the environment Concepts, connexions andsolutions.16Thursdayedition. USA Brooks/Cole.PALUSKI, M. , Hewitt, C. , Horman, M. & A Guy, B. 2004. Design for deconstruction Materials reuse and constructability. Pennsylvania State university Department of architectural Engineering.Found online athypertext transfer protocol //www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/MediaArchive/204_Pulaski_PA466.pdf. accessed 21 February 2014 .QUINN, B. 2006. Fabrics in Archicture.Eco Redux.76 ( 6 ) 22-26SCOTT, F. 2007 .On Altering Architecture. New York Routledge.STAUFFER, N.W. 2013. Constructing frontages that move, textiles that realise A tract to flexible, resilient architecture.Energy Futures.Spring 2013.Found online athypertext transfer protocol //mitei.mit.edu/publications/energy-futures-magazine/energy-futures-spring-2013. accessed 24 February 2014 .Techtextil. 2014. Inventions prize victors News.Found online athypertext transfer protocol //techtextil.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/besucher/news/techtextil-newsletter/3-top- thema innovationspreisgewinner.html. accessed 24 February 2014 .Volume 2012. Chance and command, Interview with Petra Blaisse. Internet hypertext transfer protocol //volumeproject.org/2012/10/chance-and-control-interview-with-petra-blaisse/ . accessed 20 February 2014 .WIENTHAL, L. 2011.Toward a new inside An anthology of interior design theory. New York Princeton architectural imperativeness.1